Passagem de plantão, comunicação efetiva e o método sbar, na percepção dos enfermeiros de uma unidade coronariana / El cambio de turno, la comunicación efectiva y el método sbar en la percepción de los enfermeros de una unidad de cuidados coronarios / Shift handover, effective communication, and the sbar method, in the perception of nurses in a coronary care unit

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as percepções dos enfermeiros de uma unidade coronariana sobre a relação entre a passagem de plantão, comunicação efetiva e o método SBAR. Método: estudo descritivo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa que buscou identificar as percepções dos enfermeiros sobre a relação entre a passagem de plantão, a comunicação efetiva e o método SBAR na unidade de terapia intensiva no processo realizado entre os turnos de trabalho, com indicativos para a construção de um instrumento estruturado para orientar e conduzir a troca de turnos, com a participação de 12 enfermeiros de uma unidade intensiva coronariana. Os dados foram obtidos no período de janeiro a julho de 2020 por meio oficina presencial antes da pandemia, e questionários foram submetidos à análise temática. Resultados: foram elencadas três categorias: Organização da passagem de plantão com enfermeiro e técnico de Enfermagem; Instrumentalização da passagem de plantão entre as equipes de Enfermagem; e Método SBAR na passagem de plantão, como base para a elaboração do instrumento de passagem de plantão. Evidenciou-se que a comunicação efetiva é um fator influenciador na passagem de plantão para a realização do cuidado de Enfermagem de forma continuada, evitando eventos adversos aos pacientes. Conclusão: confirma-se que, estratégias envolvendo a gestão hospitalar, como instrumentalizar e capacitar a equipe que está na linha de frente da atividade do plantão, acrescentam e enriquecem o cuidado sistematizado e humanizado.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar las percepciones del personal de enfermería de una unidad de cuidados coronarios sobre la relación entre el rostering, la comunicación efectiva y el método SBAR. Método: Estudio exploratorio descripti-vo con abordaje cualitativo, que buscaba identificar las percepciones de los enfermeros sobre la relación entre el paso de planta, la comunicación efectiva y el método SBAR, en la unidad de terapia intensiva en el proceso realizado entre los turnos de trabajo, con indicaciones para construir un instrumento estructurado para orientar y conducir la búsqueda de turnos con la participación de 12 enfermeros de una unidad intensiva coronaria. Los datos se obtuvieron de enero a julio de 2020, mediante un taller presencial antes de la pandemia y cuestionarios sometidos a análisis temáticos. Resultados: Se enumeraron tres categorías: Organización del paso de planta con el enfermero y el técnico de enfermería, instrumentalización del cambio de turno entre los equipos de enferme-ría y método SBAR en el cambio de turno, como base para la elaboración del instrumento de cambio de turno. Se demostró que la comunicación eficaz es un factor que influye en el paso de la planta para la realización del cuidado de la salud de forma continuada, evitando eventos adversos a los pacientes. Conclusión: Se confirma que las estrategias que implican a la dirección del hospital, como: potenciar y formar a este equipo que está en primera línea, en el liderazgo de la actividad de guardia, suma y enriquece la atención sistematizada y humanizada.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the perceptions of nurses in a coronary care unit about the relationship between shift change, effective communication, and the SBAR method. Method: descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach that sought to identify nurses' perceptions about the relationship between shift change, effective communication, and the SBAR method in the intensive care unit in the process carried out between work shifts, with indications for the construction of a structured instrument to guide and lead the shift change, with the participation of 12 nurses from a coronary intensive care unit. Data were obtained from January to July 2020 through a face-to-face workshop before the pandemic, and questionnaires were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: three categories were listed: Organization of the shift change with nurses and Nursing technicians; Instrumentalization of the shift change between the Nursing teams; and SBAR Method in the shift change, as a basis for the elaboration of the shift change instrument. It was evidenced that effective communication is an influencing factor in the shift change to carry out Nursing care in a continuous way, avoiding adverse events to patients. Conclusion: it is confirmed that strategies involving hospital management, such as equipping and training the team that is in the front line of the duty activity, add and enrich the systematized and humanized care.

Relationship Between Shift Intensity and Insomnia Among Hospital Nurses in Korea: A Cross-sectional Study.

OBJECTIVES: This study explored the relationship between shift intensity and insomnia among hospital nurses. METHODS: The participants were 386 female hospital nurses who underwent a special health examination for night workers in 2015. The Korean Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), indices of shift work intensity, and other covariates such as amount of exercise, level of alcohol consumption, employment duration, and hours worked were extracted from the health examination data. The indices for shift intensity were (1) number of 3 consecutive night shifts and (2) number of short recovery periods after a previous shift, both assessed over the prior 3 months. Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for the aforementioned covariates was performed to evaluate the association of shift intensity with insomnia, defined as an ISI score of ≥8. RESULTS: The nurses with insomnia tended to be younger (p=0.029), to have worked 3 consecutive night shifts more frequently (p<0.001), to have experienced a greater number of short recovery periods after the previous shift (p=0.021), and to have worked for more hours (p=0.006) than the nurses without insomnia. Among the other variables, no statistically significant differences between groups were observed. Experiences of 3 or more consecutive night shifts (odds ratio [OR], 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29 to 4.20) and 3 or more short recovery periods (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.08 to 3.73) were associated with increased odds of insomnia. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that decreasing the shift intensity may reduce insomnia among hospital nurses working rotating shifts.

Rituals, ghosts and glorified babysitters: A narrative analysis of stories nurses shared about working the night shift.

Working the night shift can be fraught and experienced as demanding and, yet, is often dismissed as babysitting. Few researchers have explored the social and cultural meanings of night nursing, including storytelling rituals. In 2019, a narrative study was undertaken. The aim was to explore the stories recalled by nurses about working night shifts. Thirteen Australian nurses participated. Data were gathered using the Biographical Narrative Interview Method, and narrative analysis produced forty stories and three themes: strange and challenging experiences; colleagues can be mentors (or not); and textbook knowledge is only part of what is needed on night shift. Nursing students who engage with these stories may come to understand the challenges of the night shift, and the valuable work that nurses engage in throughout a 24-hr period, work that involves adept psychosocial and interpersonal skills alongside technical and physical competence.

Recovery Sleep versus Emotion Regulation in Predicting Fire Service Shift Workers Stress, Fatigue and Irritability.

Objective/Background: Fire service shift workers are at risk of developing mental health difficulties related to sleep loss and emotion dysregulation. We aimed to clarify the relationship between off-shift recovery sleep and emotion regulation on stress, fatigue and irritability. Participants: A total of 61 fire service shift workers (e.g. firefighter, captain, engineer, paramedic) on a "5/6" shift. Methods: Following five 24-hour shifts, participants reported on emotion regulation as well as daily sleep, stress, fatigue and irritability during six consecutive off-shift recovery days. Mediation analyses examined (1) emotion regulation as a predictor and sleep as a mediator of stress, fatigue and irritability outcomes; and (2) sleep as a predictor and emotion regulation as a mediator of stress, fatigue and irritability outcomes. Results: Greater self-reported total sleep time predicted lower recovery stress, fatigue, and irritability. Greater subjective sleep efficiency predicted lower recovery stress and fatigue, but not irritability. No significant relationships emerged for objective sleep or emotion regulation variables predicting stress, fatigue or irritability. There were no significant findings with either emotion regulation or sleep variables included as mediators. Conclusions: These findings suggest that stress management programs for fire service shift workers may be most effective when targeting sleep efficiency and quantity rather than emotion regulation strategies in the off-shift recovery period.

Task shifting of emergency caesarean section in south Ethiopia: are we repeating the brain drain.

INTRODUCTION: preventable mortality from complications which arise during pregnancy and childbirth continue to claim more than a quarter of million women´s lives every year, almost all in low- and middle-income countries. However, lifesaving emergency obstetric services, including caesarean section (CS), significantly contribute to prevention of maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity. Between 2009 and 2013, a task shifting intervention to train caesarean section (CS) teams involving 41 CS surgeons, 35 anesthetic nurses and 36 scrub nurses was implemented in 13 hospitals in southern Ethiopia. We report on the attrition rate of those upskilled to provide CS with a focus on the medium-term outcomes and the challenges encountered. METHODS: a cross-sectional study involving surveys of focal persons and a facility staff audit supplemented with a review of secondary data was conducted in thirteen hospitals. Mean differences were computed to appreciate the difference between numbers of CSs conducted for the six months before and after task shifting commenced. RESULTS: from the trained 112 professionals, only 52 (46.4%) were available for carrying out CS in the hospitals. CS surgeons (65.9%) and nurse anesthetists (71.4%) are more likely to have left as compared to scrub nurses (22.2%). Despite the loss of trained staff, there was an increase in the number of CSs performed after the task shifting (mean difference=43.8; 95% CI: 18.3-69.4; p=0.003). CONCLUSION: our study, one of the first to assess the medium-term effects of task shifting highlights the risk of ongoing attrition of well-trained staff and the need to reassess strategies for staff retention.

Implementation of an automated scheduling tool improves schedule quality and resident satisfaction.

Rotation schedules for residents must balance individual preferences, compliance with Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education guidelines, and institutional staffing requirements. Automation has the potential to improve the consistency and quality of schedules. We designed a novel rotation scheduling tool, the Automated Internal Medicine Scheduler (AIMS), and evaluated schedule quality and resident satisfaction and perceptions of fairness after implementation. We compared schedule uniformity, fulfillment of resident preferences, and conflicting shift assignments for the hand-made 2017-2018 schedule, and the AIMS-generated 2018-2019 schedule. Residents were surveyed in September 2018 to assess perception of schedule quality and fairness. With AIMS, 71/74 (96.0%) interns and 66/82 (80.5%) residents were assigned to their first-choice rotation, a significant increase from the 50/72 (69.4%) interns and 25/82 (30.5%) residents assigned their first-choice in the 2017-2018 academic year. AIMS also yielded significant improvements in the number of night shift/day shift conflicts at the time of rotation switches for interns, with a significant decrease to 0.3 conflicts per intern compared to 0.7 with the prior manual schedule. Twenty-two of 82 residents (27%) completed the survey, and average satisfaction and perception of fairness were 0.7 and 0.9 points higher on a 5-point Likert scale for the AIMS-generated schedule when compared to the non-AIMS schedule. There was no significant difference in the preference for assigned vacation blocks, or in variance for night or ICU rotations. Automated scheduling improved several metrics of schedule quality, as well as resident satisfaction. Future directions include evaluation of the tool in other residency programs and comparison with alternative scheduling algorithms.

The unintended consequences of client-centred flexible planning in home-based postpartum care: a shift in care workers' tasks and responsibilities.

OBJECTIVE: To explore care workers' experiences with a flexible planning of home-based postpartum care as an innovative instrument to facilitate more client-centred care. DESIGN: A mixed-methods design with a primarily qualitative approach followed by a quantitative follow-up, according to the Priority-Sequence model. SETTING: This study is part of a larger research project researching the health effects of a flexible planning in postpartum care. The new planning enables clients and care workers to spread and/or pause the care over 14 days postpartum instead of the standard planning of eight to ten consecutive days. PARTICIPANTS: Maternity home care workers who provide care according the flexible planning. Eight care workers were interviewed, another eight care workers participated in the focus group discussion, and 59 care workers filled in the survey. FINDINGS: Two main unintended consequences of the flexible planning were found: 1. care workers experienced an undesirable 'shift in their tasks' along the course of the postpartum period and 2. were heavily worried about 'making enough contracted hours'. Consequently, care workers unwillingly performed much more domiciliary activities compared to the standard planning, especially during the final days of care. KEY CONCLUSIONS: The predominant nursing tasks and responsibilities of care workers appeared insufficient to respond to clients' altering needs. In addition, shorter working days and on-call duties caused an undesired excessive high-level of flexibility among care workers. Consequently, care was paradoxically determined by organisational structures rather than clients' individual needs. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Our study elucidated that co-creation together with health professionals is a prerequisite for successfully implementing innovations as their way of working and personal lives are profoundly affected.

Emergency nurses' activity levels across rotating shifts.

BACKGROUND: Emergency nurses work consecutive, rotating shift patterns. However, how their occupational physical activity levels are associated between these shifts is unknown. This study aimed to examine the associations between emergency nurses' time spent in different activity levels across one shift and the following day's shift. METHODS: Fifty emergency nurses (45 female, five male) wore an ActiGraph accelerometer and completed work and sleep diaries across four weeks in 2018. A sub-sample (n = 42) also wore an activPAL inclinometer. Time spent sedentary, physically active, and in postural positions was determined. Multi-level analyses examined associations between one shift and the following day's shift. RESULTS: Additional time spent sedentary and in light-intensity physical activity during the first shift was associated with more time spent being physically active in the following day's shift for all rotations except back-to-back night shifts. However, additional time spent engaged in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity during the first shift was associated with less time spent physically active in the following day's shift for afternoon-morning and morning-afternoon rotations. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that shift sequences may impact emergency nurses' physical activity across shifts. Future research should identify the strategies emergency nurses use to maintain activity levels between shifts.

Association between sleep quality and physical activity according to gender and shift work.

Shift work directly causes circadian disruption and reduces sleep quality. Physical activity is also associated with sleep quality. However, no study has reported the relationship between a specific level of physical activity and sleep quality. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and the amount of physical activity by stratifying subjects into gender and shift-work subgroups. Among those who participated in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study in 2016-2017, data from 185,958 full-time workers were analysed. We evaluated their physical activity by metabolic equivalents (METs-min/week), sleep quality and shift work. A chi-squared test, a t test and logistic regression analysis were performed. An increase in sleep quality was found for the group with physical activity of 600-9,000 METs-min/week compared to that in the sedentary group among all subjects. In female day workers, the sleep quality of the group with 600-6,000 METs-min/week was significantly higher (odds ratio [OR], 0.760; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.673-857) than that in the sedentary group. In male day workers, sleep quality increased when physical activity was increased up to 6,000-9,000 METs-min/week (OR, 0.760; 95% CI, 0.673-857). In female shift workers, there was no significant difference in sleep quality according to physical activity level. In male shift workers, sleep quality was better in the group with physical activity of 1,800-3,000 METs-min/week (OR, 0.826; 95% CI, 0.692-0.986) or 3,000-6,000 METs-min/week (OR, 0.771; 95% CI, 0.642-0.926). Optimal physical activity is good for sleep quality. The sleep quality of females is significantly worse than that of males in both day and shift workers.

Orthopedics and Traumatology Residency - Working Conditions, Training, and Psychological Stress.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The specialty of orthopedics and traumatology that is completed in the 5 years period in our country is a challenging educational process and our purpose in this study is to demonstrate through a survey training conditions of the orthopedic assistants in our country and the effects of this process on assistants. MATERIAL AND METHODS 524 (70.05%) of 748 assistants who receive specialization training in Turkey were reached. There were 20 multiple choice questions ( 1 mark each) and 3 questions (more than 1 mark each) in the survey consisting of twenty-three questions. Our study group was formed by doctors who have still worked as assistant in our country and have accepted to participate in the study. The doctors who finished assistantship with any reason and did assistantship for time less than 6 months and did not exactly fill the questionnaire form were excluded from the study. RESULTS 524 (71.97%) of 728 assistant who are in 40 (100%) of 40 provinces where assistant training given in Turkey were reached. 474 (90.45%) participants were satisfied to do orthopedic specialization. When considering working hours, it was observed that 337 (64.31%) participants had over 90 hours weekly including night shift and 521 (99.42%) participants had to work after night shift. The majority of participants (361 persons 68.89%) were receiving salaries between TL 4000-6000. When looking at the entire working group, the rate of participants who said that scientific training is weak or there is no scientific training was 427 (81.48%). CONCLUSIONS Our survey study is one of the first statistical study which investigating professional and social problems of orthopedic assistants. Some of important problems as training satisfaction, abuse by patients and/or manager, the average monthly income and psychological status assessment is emphasized. Orthopedics and Traumatology assistantship is a challenging process to cause physical and psychological problems with the hard working conditions in our Turkey. Key words:residency training, orthopedic surgery, life quality, salary.

Standardization of the duty shift in a General Adult Intensive Care Unit.

OBJECTIVE: To standardize the duty shift in a General Adult Intensive Care Unit. METHOD: Multi-method research, which used action research, descriptive study and content validation. Participants included 11 care nurses and 4 intensive care nurses. For the data collection, a semi-structured questionnaire was used, meetings with participants and validation with specialists. In this step, the modified online Delphi Technique was used. For data treatment, the Discourse of the Collective Subject (DCS) was used, descriptive analysis and Content Validity Index. RESULTS: Three DCS on duty change, a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and an information registration instrument, validated in appearance, clarity, suitability and content. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The instrument assists in the transmission of information, strengthening patient safety and SOP will outline the shift, these tools can improve ICU shift, minimizing the risks of communication failure.

Work schedule characteristics and fatigue among rotating shift nurses in hospital setting: An integrative review.

AIM: To systematically evaluate the effect of work schedule characteristics on fatigue among shift nurses in hospital settings. BACKGROUND: The complexity and multidimensional nature of nursing work may lead to fatigue. This review mainly focused on work schedule characteristics that may mitigate the fatigue in nurses. EVALUATION: Six databases were searched, and eight relevant research articles published between 2000 and 2018 were identified. KEY ISSUES: The reviewed articles provided evidence supporting the association of work schedule characteristics such as total working hours, overtime, shift length and number of monthly night and evening shifts with fatigue. In addition, studies provided evidence for the positive association between insufficient rest period between shifts and fatigue among shift nurses in hospital settings. CONCLUSION: The reviewed studies provided mixed results regarding the associations between work schedule characteristics and nurse fatigue. However, quick returns and days called to work on days off were consistent factors contributing to nurse fatigue. More evidence is needed to arrive at a definitive conclusion about such relationships. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nursing managers and administrators need to carefully review current rotating shift system and examine its impact on nurse fatigue as well as ensure enough resting time when developing nurse schedules.

Standardization of the duty shift in a General Adult Intensive Care Unit / Estandarización del paso de turno en Unidad de Terapia Intensiva General Adulto / Padronização da passagem de plantão em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Geral Adulto

ABSTRACT Objective: To standardize the duty shift in a General Adult Intensive Care Unit. Method: Multi-method research, which used action research, descriptive study and content validation. Participants included 11 care nurses and 4 intensive care nurses. For the data collection, a semi-structured questionnaire was used, meetings with participants and validation with specialists. In this step, the modified online Delphi Technique was used. For data treatment, the Discourse of the Collective Subject (DCS) was used, descriptive analysis and Content Validity Index. Results: Three DCS on duty change, a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and an information registration instrument, validated in appearance, clarity, suitability and content. Final considerations: The instrument assists in the transmission of information, strengthening patient safety and SOP will outline the shift, these tools can improve ICU shift, minimizing the risks of communication failure.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Padronizar el paso de turno en una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva General Adulto. Método: Investigación multiuso, que utilizó la investigación-acción, el estudio descriptivo y la validación de contenido. Los participantes fueron 11 enfermeros asistenciales y cuatro enfermeros especialistas en cuidados intensivos. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado, reuniones con participante y validación con especialistas. En esta etapa, se utilizó la Técnica Delphi online modificada. Para el tratamiento de los datos, se empleó el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo (DSC), análisis descriptivo e Índice de Validez de Contenido. Resultados: Tres DSC sobre pasaje de turno, un Procedimiento Operativo Estándar (POP) y un instrumento de registro de informaciones, validado en apariencia, claridad, adecuación y contenido. Consideraciónes finales: El instrumento auxilia en la transmisión de informaciones, fortaleciendo la seguridad del paciente y el POP va delineando el paso de turno, esas herramientas pueden mejorar el paso de turno de la UTI, minimizando los riesgos de fallas de comunicación.

RESUMO Objetivo: Padronizar a passagem de plantão em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Geral Adulto. Método: Pesquisa multimétodo, que utilizou a pesquisa-ação, o estudo descritivo e a validação de conteúdo. Os participantes foram 11 enfermeiros assistenciais e quatro enfermeiros especialistas em cuidados intensivos. Para a coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado, reuniões com participante e validação com especialistas. Nesta etapa, utilizou-se a Técnica Delphi online modificada. Para tratamento dos dados, empregou-se o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), análise descritiva e Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Resultados: Três DSC sobre passagem de plantão, um Procedimento Operacional Padrão (POP) e um instrumento de registro de informações, validado em aparência, clareza, adequabilidade e conteúdo. Considerações finais: O instrumento auxilia na transmissão de informações, fortalecendo a segurança do paciente e o POP vai delinear a passagem de plantão, essas ferramentas podem melhorar a passagem de plantão da UTI, minimizando os riscos de falhas de comunicação.

Staggering shifts to rebalance night medical registrar workload.

BACKGROUND: Lone night medical registrars, particularly those working at busy urban hospitals have high workloads and low job satisfaction. Handover of pending referrals from day staff can contribute to further delays in providing care with increased risks for patient safety. AIM: To evaluate the impact of a staggered roster for daytime medical registrar on the workload of night registrar. METHODS: Prospective data were collected of the night medical registrar workload over a 6-month period. The first 3 months included standard shifts from 1330 to 2130 hours with two registrars. The second 3 months followed the introduction of a staggered shift for one registrar to 1530 hour-midnight, providing a 3-h overlap with the night registrar commencing at 2100 hour. Parameters recorded included the number of total admissions, pending admissions, referrals from emergency department, ward reviews and Medical Emergency Team (MET) calls/CODE Blues. Data from weekends and public holidays were not recorded. RESULTS: During the standard rostering period, the average number of medical admissions completed per night shift was 8.66 (n = 60, SD = 3.58). With staggered shifts, the average number was significantly reduced at 6.38 (n = 65, SD = 2.74, P = 0.000057). In addition, there was greater number of ward reviews conducted by the night registrar in the staggered roster period, potentially reflecting greater time availability and reduction in MET calls/codes. CONCLUSION: Rearranging medical registrar shifts can result in significant reduction in night medical registrar workload. It may also have other potential benefits in terms of increased capacity for ward reviews and reduced MET calls/codes.

Outcomes of Elective Cerebral Aneurysm Treatment Performed by Attending Neurosurgeons after Night Work.

BACKGROUND: The association between long work hours and outcomes among attending surgeons remains an issue of debate. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether operating emergently the night before an elective case was associated with inferior outcomes among attending neurosurgeons. METHODS: We executed a cohort study with unruptured cerebral aneurysm patients, who underwent endovascular coiling or surgical clipping from 2009 to 2013 and were registered in the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database. We investigated the association of treatment by surgeons performing emergency procedures the night before with outcomes of elective cerebral aneurysm treatment using an instrumental variable analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 4700 patients underwent treatment for unruptured cerebral aneurysms. There was no difference in inpatient mortality (adjusted difference, -0.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.4% to 0.02%), discharge to a facility (adjusted difference, -0.1%; 95% CI, -1.2% to 1.2%), or length of stay (adjusted difference, -0.58; 95% CI, -1.66 to 0.50) between patients undergoing elective cerebral aneurysm treatment by surgeons who performed emergency procedures the night before, and those who did not. CONCLUSION: Using a comprehensive patient cohort in New York State for elective treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms, we did not identify an association of treatment by surgeons performing emergency procedures the night before, with mortality, discharge to a facility, or length of stay. Our study had 80% power to detect differences in mortality (our primary outcome), as small as 4.1%. The results of the present study do not support the argument for regulation of attending work hours.